Abstract
This essay will consider the views of several prominent Renaissance scholars regarding the practical embedment of astronomy. Certain rhetorical commonplaces are frequently returned to in their writings, in works related to the utilitas astronomiae (astronomy’s utility). Such texts can be grouped within the Renaissance genre of the encomia scientiarum et artium, and include rhetorical pieces from the Averroist philosopher Girolamo Fracastoro (1478–1553) in his Homocentrica (1538), the Wittenberg ephemerist Erasmus Reinhold (1511–1553) in the dedicatory letter of his edition of Ptolemy’s Almagest (1549), the renowned Jesuit mathematician Christophorus Clavius (1537–1612) in the preface to his commented edition of Sacrobosco’s De sphaera (1570), and the Scottish mathematician Duncan Liddel (1561–1613) in a eulogy on mathematics delivered at Helmstedt in 1591. According to these sources, the practical realms benefiting from astronomy ranged from navigation and agriculture, to medicine, pedagogy, theology, and even civil affairs, where the discipline was relied upon, for instance, in the computation of calendars to schedule religious festivities. In his Scholae mathematicae (1569), the Paris lecteur royale Petrus Ramus (1515–1572) turned the treatment of the utility of mathematics into a reflection on the practical origins of science in general. Particular attention is devoted to Girolamo Cardano (1501–1586) as a scholar committed to an empirical and practical conception of knowledge. According to him, astronomy had a range of practical uses, whether in navigation or medicine, or even in the prediction of future events by means of astrology. His Encomium astrologiae (1543) is compared with his other eulogies concerning mathematical sciences and the arts, and with small tracts in which he developed a sort of epistemology of practical knowledge.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Azzolini, Monica. 2013. The duke and the stars: Astrology and politics in Renaissance Milan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Biagioli, Mario. 1996. Etiquette, interdependence and sociability in seventeenth-century science. Critical Inquiry 22 (2): 193–238.
Bukharin, Nikolai. 2011. Historical materialism: A system of sociology. New York: Routledge.
Büttner, Jochen. 2008. Big wheel keep on turning. Galilaeana 5: 33–62.
Byrne, James Steven. 2006. A humanist history of mathematics? Regiomontanus’s Padua Oration in context. Journal of the History of Ideas 67 (1): 41–61.
Cardano, Girolamo. 1543. Libelli duo. Unus, de supplemento Almanach. Alter, de restitutione temporum. Norimbergae: Apud Ioannem Petreium.
Cardano, Girolamo. 1962 [1581]. De vita propria liber. Trans. Jean Stoner. New York: Dover Publications.
Cardano, Girolamo. 1966 [1663]. Opera omnia. Lugduni: Sumptibus Ioannis Antonii Huguetan & Marci Antonii Ravaud. Reprint, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Fromann-Holzboog.
Clavius, Christophorus. 1581. In Sphaeram Iohannis de Sacro Bosco Commentarius. Romae: ex officinae Dominici Basae.
Clavius, Christophorus. 1591. Euclidis elementorum libri XV. Coloniae: Expensis Ioh. Baptistae Ciotti.
De Pace, Anna. 1993. Le matematiche e il mondo: Ricerche su un dibattito in Italia nella seconda metà del Cinquecento. Milan: Franco Angeli.
Di Bono, Mario. 1990. Le sfere omocentriche di Giovan Battista Amico nell’astronomia del Cinquecento. Genova: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Centro di Studio sulla storia della tecnica.
Feingold, Mordechai (ed.). 2001. The influence of Petrus Ramus: Studies in sixteenth and seventeenth century philosophy and sciences. Basel: Schwabe.
Fracastoro, Girolamo. 1538. Homocentrica sive de stellis. Venetiis.
Gingerich, Owen. 1973. The role of Erasmus Reinhold and the Prutenic tables in the dissemination of the Copernican theory. Studia Copernicana 6: 43–62.
Goulding, Robert. 2010. Defending Hypatia. Ramus, Saville, and the Renaissance rediscovery of mathematical history. Dordrecht: Springer.
Grafton, Anthony. 1999. Cardano’s Cosmos. The worlds and works of a Renaissance astrologer. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Granada, Miguel Ángel, and Dario Tessicini. 2005. Copernicus and Fracastoro: The dedicatory letters to Pope Paul III, the history of astronomy, and the quest for patronage. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 36 (3): 431–476.
Hotson, Howard. 2007. Commonplace learning: Ramism and its German ramifications 1543–1630. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kusukawa, Sachiko. 1995. The transformation of natural philosophy: The case of Philip Melanchthon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lattis, James M. 1994. Between Copernicus and Galileo. Christoph Clavius and the collapse of ptolemaic cosmology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Liddel, Duncan. 1591. [Oratio de praestantia mathematicarum], Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv/Staatsarchiv di Wolefenbüttel, coll. 37 Alt 379. Transcribed in Duncan Liddel (1561–1613): Networks of Polymathy and the Northern European Renaissance, ed. Pietro Daniel Omodeo, 227–236. Leiden: Brill.
Malpangotto, Michela. 2008. Regiomontano e il rinnovamento del sapere matematico e astronomico nel Quattrocento. Bari: Caucci.
Melanchthon, Philipp, and Paul Eber. 1550. Initia doctrinae physicae. Witebergae: Per Iohannem Lufft.
Omodeo, Pietro Daniel (ed.). 2016. Duncan Liddel (1561–1613): Networks of polymathy and the Northern European Renaissance. Leiden: Brill.
Omodeo, Pietro Daniel, and Irina Tupikova. 2013. The post-copernican reception of ptolemy: Erasmus Reinhold’s commented edition of the Almagest, book one (Wittenberg, 1549). Journal for the History of Astronomy 44: 235–256.
Ovid. 1989. Fasti. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Pantin, Isabelle. 1996. Is Clavius worth reappraising? The impact of a Jesuit mathematical teacher on the Eve of the astronomical revolution. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 27(4): 593–598.
Ptolemy. 1984. Almagest, ed. Gerald J. Toomer. London: Duckworth.
Ramus, Petrus (Ramée, Pierre de la). 1569. Scholarum mathematicarum libri XXXI. Basileae: Per Eusebium Episcopum et Nicolai Fratris haeredes.
Reinhold, Erasmus. 1549. Ptolemaei mathematicae constructionis liber primus. Wittebergae: Ex officinal Iohannis Lufft.
Renn, Jürgen (ed.). 2001. Galileo in context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Romano, Antonella. 1999. La contre-réforme mathématique: Constitution et diffusion d’une culure mathématique jésuite à la Renaissance. Rome: École Française de Rome.
Thüringer, Walter. 1997. Paul Eber (1511–1569): Melanchthons Physik und seine Stellung zu Copernicus. In Melanchthon in seinen Schülern, ed. Heinz Scheible, 285–321. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Valleriani, Matteo. 2010. Galileo engineer. Dordrecht: Springer.
Valleriani, Matteo. 2013. Metallurgy, ballistics and epistemic instruments: The Nova scientia of Nicolò Tartaglia. Berlin: Edition Open Access.
Westman, Robert S. 1990. Proof, poetics and patronage: Copernicus’s preface to De revolutionibus. In Reappraisals of the scientific revolution, ed. David C. Lindberg and Robert S. Westman, 167–206. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Westman, Robert S. 2011. The Copernican question: Prognostication, skepticism, and celestial order. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Zinner, Ernst. 1990. Regiomontanus: His life and work. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Omodeo, P.D. (2017). Utilitas astronomiae in the Renaissance: The Rhetoric and Epistemology of Astronomy. In: Valleriani, M. (eds) The Structures of Practical Knowledge. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45671-3_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45671-3_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-45670-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-45671-3
eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)