Skip to main content
Log in

Toward the preparation of a nanocomposite material through surface initiated controlled/“living” radical polymerization of styrene inside the channels of MCM-41 silica

Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A hybrid organic–inorganic material was prepared by surface initiated controlled/“living” radical polymerization (CRP) of styrene in the internal space of a MCM-41 silica. The inorganic precursor was synthesized, via sol–gel, using tetraethoxysilane and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, in the presence of ammonia and ethanol to induce the formation of submicrometric spherical particles. After characterization by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron micrography (TEM), scanning electron micrography (SEM), N2 adsorption and titration of the surface silanol groups, the mesoporous silica was functionalized through a 3-step grafting process, in order to link the nitroxide initiator to the inorganic matrix (TEMPO-MCM-41). The anchorage of the TEMPO-based initiator was checked by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT-IR). Experimental data confirmed that the styrene polymerization occurred inside the MCM-41 channels system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Scheme 2
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

References

  1. Mark JE, Lee CY, Bianconi PA (1995) Hybrid inorganic. Organic composites, vol 585. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Stein A, Melde BJ, Schroden RC (2001) Adv Mater 12:1403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Anwander R (2001) Chem Mater 13:4419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. De Vos DE, Dams M, Sels BF, Jacobs PA (2002) Chem Rev 102:3615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Tao T, Maciel GE (2000) J Am Chem Soc 122:3118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sayari A, Hamoudi S (2001) Chem Mater 13:3151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Cardin DJ (2002) Adv Mater 14:553

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Schmidt D, Shah D, Giannelis EP (2002) Curr Opin Solid State Mater Chem 6:205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Frisch HL, Mark JE (1996) Chem Mater 8:1735

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Pyun J, Matyjaszewski K (2001) Chem Mater 13:3436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Manias E, Touny A, Wu L, Strawhecker K, Lu B, Chung TC (2001) Chem Mater 13:3516

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Weckhuysen BM, Ramachandra Rao R, Pelgrims J, Schooheydt RA, Bodart P, Debras G, Collart O, Van der Voort P, Vansant EF (2000) Chem Eur J 6:2960

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Spange S, Gräser A, Huwe A, Kremer F, Tintemann C, Behrens P (2001) Chem Eur J 7:3722

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Tajima K, Aida T (2000) Chem Commun 2399

  15. Spange S, Gräser A, Müller H, Zimmermann Y, Rehak P, Jäger C, Fuess H, Baehtz C (2001) Chem Mater 13:3698

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kageyama KK, Tamazawa J, Aida T (1999) Science 285:2113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. He J, Duan X, Evans DG, Howe RF (2002) J Porous Mat 9:49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Tudor J, O’hare D (1997) Chem Commun 8:603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Johnson SA, Khushalani D, Coombs N, Mallouk TE, Ozin GA (1998) J Mater Chem 8:13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kageyama K, Ogino S, Aida T, Tatsumi T (1998) Macromolecules 31:4069

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Rahiala H, Beurroies I, Eklund T, Hakala K, Gougeon R, Trens P, Rosenholm JB (1999) J Catal 188:14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Patten TE, Matyjaszewski K (1998) Adv Mater 10:902

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Chessa G, Scrivanti A, Matteoli U, Castelvetro V (2001) Polymer 42:9347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Husseman M, Malmström EE, Mc Namara M, Mate M, Mecerreyes D, Benoit DG, Hedrick JL, Mansky P, Huang E, Russell TP, Hawker CJ (1999) Macromolecules 32:1424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhou Q, Fan X, Xia C, Mays J, Advincula R (2001) Chem Mater 13:2465

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhou Q, Wang S, Fan X, Advincula R (2002) Langmuir 18:3324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Beck JS, Vartuli JC, Roth WJ, Leonowicz ME, Kresge CT, Schmitt KD, Chu C, Olson DH, Sheppard EW, McCullen SB, Higgins JB, Shenkler JL (1992) J Am Chem Soc 114:10834

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Moller K, Bein T, Fischer RX (1998) Chem Mater 10:1841

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Moller K, Bein T (1998) Chem Mater 10:2950

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Anwander R, Nagl I, Zapilko C, Widenmeyer M (2003) Tetrahedron 59:10567

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hawker CJ, Barclay GG, Orellana A, Dao J, Devonport W (1996) Macromolecules 29:5245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Grün M, Lauer I, Unger KK (1997) Adv Mater 9:254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Laspéras M, Llorett T, Chaves L, Rodriguez I, Cauvel A, Brunel D (1997) Stud Surf Sci Catal 108:75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Malmström E, Miller RD, Hawker CJ (1997) Tetrahedron 53:15225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Van Der Voort P (1993) Chemical surface coating – a new route towards silicon nitride coatings on silica gel. Ph.D. thesis, University of Antwerp, Antwerp

  36. Vansant EF, Van Der Voort P, Vrancken KC (1995) Characterization and chemical modification of the silica surface in Stud. Surf. Sci. and Catal., vol 93. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hawker CJ (1997) Acc Chem Res 30:373

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hawker CJ (1994) J Am Chem Soc 116:11185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Van Tendeloo G, Geuens P, Colomer JF, Lebedev OJ (2003) In: 6th multinational congress on microscopy – European exstension, Pula 2003

  40. Grün M, Unger KK, Matsumoto A, Tsutsumi K (1999) Micropor Mesopor Mater 27:207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Kresge CT, Leonowicz ME, Roth WJ, Vartuli JC, Beck JS (1992) Nature 359:710

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Monnier A, Schutz F, Huo Q, Kumar D, Margolese D, Maxwell RS, Stucky GD, Krichnamurty M, Petroff P, Firouzi A, Janicke M, Chmelka BF (1993) Science 261:1299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hou Q, Margolese D, Ciesla U, Demuth DG, Feng P, Gier TE, Sieger P, Firouzi A, Chmelka BF, Schuth F, Stucky GD (1994) Nature 368:317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Basile F, Fornasari G, Trifiro’ F, Vaccari A (2001) Catal Today 64:21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

Financial support from the MIUR (Ministero dell’Istruzione, Università e Ricerca) is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maurizio Lenarda.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lenarda, M., Chessa, G., Moretti, E. et al. Toward the preparation of a nanocomposite material through surface initiated controlled/“living” radical polymerization of styrene inside the channels of MCM-41 silica . J Mater Sci 41, 6305–6312 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0492-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0492-y

Keywords

Navigation