Abstract
In (macro)economics literature, the need to consider sustainability and intertemporal equity issues leads to propose different criteria (discounted utilitarianism, green golden rule, Chichilnisky criterion) in order to define social welfare. We compare and assess the outcomes associated to such alternative criteria in a simple macroeconomic model with natural resources and environmental concern (Chichilnisky et al. in Econ Lett 49:174–179, 1995), by relying on a multicriteria approach. We show that among these three criteria, the green golden rule (discounted utilitarianism) yields the highest (lowest) welfare level, while the Chichilnisky criterion leads to an intermediate welfare level which turns out to be increasing in the weight attached to the asymptotic utility. These results suggest that completely neglecting finite-time utilities and focusing only on the asymptotic utility is not only more sensible from a sustainability point of view but also from a social welfare maximization standpoint.
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Notes
Another critical aspect associated to the use of the utilitarian approach is related to the role of the population size and its eventual growth. Specifically, two different utilitarian approaches have been proposed in literature, the average (welfare coincides with individual or average utility) and total (welfare is the sum of individual utilities across the population) utilitarianism. See Palivos and Yip (1993) or more recently Marsiglio and La Torre (2012), Boucekkine and Fabbri (2013), and Marsiglio (2014) for a discussion of the implications of different utilitarian approaches. Since we abstract from population growth and normalize the population size, in our paper average and total utilitarianism coincide, thus we do not explicitly relate to this branch of the literature.
Another interesting related work is Le Kama’s (2001), showing that by choosing the green golden rule utility level as Ramsey’s bliss point for the non-discounted problem the optimal utilitarian path converges to the green golden rule outcome.
The scalarization and the GP approach coincide when the objectives values of the GP are chosen exactly equal to each objective taken singularly. When we introduce the preferences via the satisfaction function the outcome of the two approaches is generally different and the similarities occurring in our results are given by the above mentioned matching of the GP objectives with each objective taken singularly.
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Colapinto, C., Liuzzi, D. & Marsiglio, S. Sustainability and intertemporal equity: a multicriteria approach. Ann Oper Res 251, 271–284 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-015-1837-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-015-1837-1