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Current status and trends of biological invasions in the Lagoon of Venice, a hotspot of marine NIS introductions in the Mediterranean Sea

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Abstract

This paper provides an updated account of the occurrence and abundance of non-indigenous species (NIS) in an area of high risk of introduction: the Lagoon of Venice (Italy). This site is a known hotspot of NIS introductions within the Mediterranean Sea, hosting all the most important vectors of introduction of marine NIS—shipping, recreational boating, shellfish culture and live seafood trade. The recent literature demonstrates that the number of NIS in Venice is continuously changing, because new species are being introduced or identified, and new evidence shows either an exotic origin of species previously believed to be native, or a native origin of formerly believed “aliens”, or demonstrates the cryptogenic nature of others. The number of NIS introduced in the Venetian lagoon currently totals 71, out of which 55 are established. This number exceeds those displayed by some nations like Finland, Portugal or Libya. Macroalgae are the taxonomic group with the highest number of introduced species (41 % of NIS): the most likely vector for their introduction is shellfish culture. The source region of NIS introduced to Venice is mainly represented by other Mediterranean or European sites (76 %). The Lagoon of Venice represents a sink but also a source of NIS in the Mediterranean Sea, as it is the site of first record of several NIS, which have since further spread elsewhere.

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Acknowledgments

The research has been partially funded by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013) under Grant Agreement no. 266445 for the Vectors Change in Oceans and Seas marine Life, Impact on Economics Sectors (VECTORS). JF was supported by a PhD grant from the University of Pavia. We are grateful to Francesco Mastrototaro (University of Bari) for helping in the assessment of the non-indigenous status for old records of ascidians. Furthermore, the manuscript benefited from the comments of two anonymous reviewers that we gratefully acknowledge.

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  1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy

    Agnese Marchini, Jasmine Ferrario & Anna Occhipinti-Ambrogi

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Calle Larga S. Marta 2137, 30123, Venice, Italy

    Adriano Sfriso

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  1. Agnese Marchini
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  2. Jasmine Ferrario
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Correspondence to Agnese Marchini.

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Marchini, A., Ferrario, J., Sfriso, A. et al. Current status and trends of biological invasions in the Lagoon of Venice, a hotspot of marine NIS introductions in the Mediterranean Sea. Biol Invasions 17, 2943–2962 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-0922-3

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