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Impact of ocean acidification on the carbonate sediment budget of a temperate mixed beach

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Abstract

The production of sediments by carbonate-producing ecosystems is an important input for beach sediment budgets in coastal areas where no terrigenous input occurs. Calcifying organisms are a major source of bioclastic carbonate sediment for coastal systems. Increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere are leading to an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 on ocean seawater, causing ocean acidification (OA), with direct consequences for the pH of ocean waters. Most studies of OA focus on its impact on marine ecosystems. The impact of OA on carbonate-producing ecosystems could be to reduce the amount of sediments supplied to temperate coastal systems. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of the predicted OA on the long-term sediment budget of a temperate Mediterranean mixed carbonate beach and dune system. Based on projections of OA we estimated a fall of about 31% in the present bioclastic carbonate sediment deposition rate, with the biggest decreases seen in the dunes (− 46%). OA is also expected to affect the carbonate sediment reservoirs, increasing the dissolution of CaCO3and causing net sediment loss from the system (~ 50,000 t century−1). In the long-term, OA could also play a primary role in the response of these systems to sea-level rise. Indeed, the reduction in the quantity of carbonate sediments provided to the system may affect the speed with which the system is able to adapt to sea-level rise, by increasing wave run-up, and may promote erosion of dunes and subaerial beaches.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the RITMARE Flagship Project funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, Research and Universities. We are very grateful to Prof. B.D. Eyre and to the anonymous referee for their helpful suggestions and comments during the review process. We are also grateful to the director of the Penisola del Sinis Isola di Mal di Ventre MPA for providing the boat for sampling. George Metcalf revised the English text.

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Correspondence to Simone Simeone.

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Simeone, S., Molinaroli, E., Conforti, A. et al. Impact of ocean acidification on the carbonate sediment budget of a temperate mixed beach. Climatic Change 150, 227–242 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2282-3

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