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Combining residue analysis of floors and ceramics for the study of activity areas at the Garum Shop at Pompeii

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Abstract

In this paper, we propose the application—for the first time in the Mediterranean area—of the combination of the study of chemical residues in floors and ceramics, with the aim of providing information about the activities carried out in archeological buildings. We chose the Garum Shop at Pompeii to test the method. In fact, due to the peculiarity of this archeological context, it provided an ideal case in which the activities performed are in part known, and the ceramic vessels recovered are still in situ. Floor samples were studied by means of spot tests developed in Mexico aimed at identifying the presence of phosphates, fatty acids, and protein residues, while the organic residues preserved in the ceramic matrix of amphorae, dolia, and other ceramic vessels were studied by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Moreover, we integrated the data obtained with specific studies directed at better identifying the solid residues found inside two of the amphorae studied: botanical studies of fruit stones recovered in a Dressel 20 amphora and the characterization of the lime preserved in an African amphora. The research allowed for the identification of the traces of some of the activities performed, such as cooking and producing garum in the floors of the building, and the use and re-use of amphorae and dolia before the Vesuvian eruption.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is part of the project “From Fishing to Garum at Pompeii and Hercolaneum. Exploitation of Marine Resources in the Vesubian Area,” directed by Dario Bernal Casasola (University of Cádiz) and Daniela Cottica (Ca’ Foscari University of Venice) (2008–2012). It is part of the activities of the Department of Humanities Studies of the University Ca’ Foscari of Venezia; the Archaeology Area of the History, Geography, and Philosophy Department and the Department of Earth Sciences of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Cádiz; the Department of Agriculture, University of Naples “Federico II”; and the DiBEST Department of the University of Calabria and the ERAAUB, Consolidated Group (2014 SGR 845). These results are also part of the projects HAR-43599-P,HAR2015-71511-REDT and GARVM II (HAR2016-78691-P) , of the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia of the MINECO, Spanish Government/FEDER and the Ramon y Cajal contract (RYC 2013-13369) of A. Pecci founded by the MINECO.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Equip de Recerca Arqueològica i Arqueomètrica de la Universitat de Barcelona (ERAAUB), Departament of History and Archaeology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08001, Barcelona, Spain

    Alessandra Pecci

  2. Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy

    Alessandra Pecci, Domenico Miriello & Raffaella De Luca

  3. Earth Sciences Department, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain

    Salvador Domínguez-Bella

  4. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Portici, Italy

    Mauro Paolo Buonincontri & Gaetano Di Pasquale

  5. Department of Humanities, University Ca’ Foscari, Venezia, Italy

    Daniela Cottica

  6. Archaeology Area. History, Geography and Philosophy Department, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain

    Dario Bernal - Casasola

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  1. Alessandra Pecci
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  2. Salvador Domínguez-Bella
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Pecci, A., Domínguez-Bella, S., Buonincontri, M.P. et al. Combining residue analysis of floors and ceramics for the study of activity areas at the Garum Shop at Pompeii. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 10, 485–502 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-017-0573-7

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