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Archaic Food Uses of Large Graminoids in Agro Peligno Wetlands (Abruzzo, Central Italy) Compared With the European Ethnobotanical and Archaeological Literature

  • Wetlands and Global Change
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Abstract

Large graminoid species, which often dominate wetland ecosystems with extensive and dense formations, are among the most indicative plants from the first human settlements, where they have been used (even transformed) for various functions ranging from food, cordage, weaving and other utilities. Wetland large graminoid foraging today represents one of the rarest and most archaic customs still in existence, as they have frequently disappeared following changes in society or the disappearance of marshes. These customs have (almost) disappeared in Europe, especially in Italy, following socio-economic changes and wetland reclamation; remaining uses can generally only be found in prehistoric traces. This research in Agro Peligno documents and describes for the first time the remains of these prehistoric uses, which are related to the ancient Peligni (or Paeligni) people. The data collected in the current field study were later compared with food uses of graminoids arising from a large spectrum of archaeological, ethnobotanical, and folkloric literature from other European areas, in a large sense. Problems and outlook regarding the loss of this traditional knowledge are also briefly discussed.

Riassunto

Le grandi specie di graminoidi che spesso dominano gli ecosistemi delle zone umide mediante formazioni che sovente risultano estese e dense, sono tra le piante più indicative nei primi insediamenti umani, dove queste specie sono state utilizzate (anche trasformate) per varie funzioni che vanno dall’alimentazione, all’intreccio, agli utensili ed altre utilità. L’uso nell’alimentazione umana delle grandi specie di graminoidi rappresenta oggi una traccia del retaggio più arcaico ancora esistente. Attualmente, questi usi alimentari sono (quasi) scomparsi in Europa, soprattutto in Italia, a seguito dei mutamenti socio-economici e delle bonifiche delle zone umide, pertanto tali usi restano generalmente relegati alle tracce preistoriche. Questa ricerca condotta nell’Agro Peligno, descrive per la prima volta i resti ancora attuali di questi usi arcaici in Italia, legati all’antico popolo dei Peligni (o Paeligni). I dati raccolti sul campo sono stati confrontati con gli usi alimentari registrati nella letteratura archeologica, etnobotanica e folcloristica di altre realtà di tipo europeo, in senso lato. Nello studio vengono brevemente discussi anche i problemi e le prospettive riguardanti la perdita di questa conoscenza tradizionale.

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Data Availability (data transparency)

Field and monitoring data are available upon request to corresponding author, respecting ethical guidelines of the International Society of Ethnobiology (ISE) and the American Anthropological Association (AAA), guaranteeing anonymity in the collected data.

Code Availability (software application or custom code)

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr Rossano Bolpagni and Dr Giovanni Damiani for their suggestions and for their critical reading of the manuscript. The authors are thankful also to the local study participants for having shared their knowledge. Figure 1 was created in cooperation with Dr Marco Carafa, using ESRI world topo and Qgis.

Funding

The manuscript preparation fees were founded by the University of Gastronomic Sciences, Pollenzo, Italy. The research activities had no founding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, 57000, Metz, France

    Kevin Cianfaglione

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari Università Di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, VE, Italy

    Laura Longo & Renata Sõukand

  3. University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12060, Pollenzo, Cuneo, Italy

    Raivo Kalle & Andrea Pieroni

  4. Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., Parc de Montjuïc, 08038, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Airy Gras

  5. Laboratori de Botànica (UB), Unitat Associada al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L’Alimentació-Institut de Recerca de La Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda de Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Airy Gras & Joan Vallès

  6. Secció de Ciències Biològiques, Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Carrer del Carme 47, 08001, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Joan Vallès

  7. IRES - Institute for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

    Ingvar Svanberg

  8. Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Anely Nedelcheva

  9. Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland

    Łukasz Łuczaj

  10. Department of Medical Analysis, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq

    Andrea Pieroni

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Contributions

KC and AP conceived ideas. KC and AP designed the field experiment and KC performed the field work, laboratory and herbarium activities, and data analysis; coordinating the scientific activities of the group. KC and AP supervised the project. KC wrote the article with support from AP, LL, IS, ŁŁ, AG, JV, AN, RS, RK. Each author analysed ethnobotanical and folkloric literature arising from their different countries. LL contributed to improve the archaeological issues and related literature. Each author participated in the discussion, conclusions and revision, reading and approving the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kevin Cianfaglione.

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Researchers adhered to the ethical guidelines of the International Society of Ethnobiology (ISE) and the American Anthropological Association (AAA), guaranteeing anonymity in the collected data. In order to comply with ethical and legal standards, field studies were conducted in accordance with local legislation, with appropriate permissions and/or licences collecting data and plant herbarium material.

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Cianfaglione, K., Longo, L., Kalle, R. et al. Archaic Food Uses of Large Graminoids in Agro Peligno Wetlands (Abruzzo, Central Italy) Compared With the European Ethnobotanical and Archaeological Literature. Wetlands 42, 88 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-022-01590-2

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