Corrosion inhibition of the mild steel in 0.5 M HCl by 2-butyl-hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-b][1,2]oxazole
Introduction
The industrial application of nonmetallic materials is almost always precluded because of problems arising from the severity of the environment and the aggressive conditions of temperature, pressure and wear. On the other hand, in several industrial environments most metals and alloys are affected by different forms of corrosion attack, particularly dangerous if localized. For these reasons the industrial use of corrosion inhibitors is often a good solution to prevent corrosion phenomena and to provide a more acceptable lifetime of metallic structures [1], [2], [3], [4].
Many compounds with polar group (containing N-, O-, S-, etc. atom/s and/or π-electrons) are known to act as efficient corrosion inhibitors. These organic molecules can be adsorbed on the metal surface because they are able to establish coordinative interactions between free N electron pairs (eventually enforced by π-retrodonation) and the oxidized metal surface: as a result, the corrosive attack is reduced in acidic media [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12].
The corrosion of iron or mild steel in acidic media has been studied extensively, especially for its industrial relevance. In fact, acid solutions widely used in cleaning, descaling, pickling, and oil well acidizing, require the use of corrosion inhibitors to reduce their corrosion attack on metallic structures or materials [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19].
In the last decades this research field focused on corrosion inhibitors that act in particularly aggressive corrosive media such as acidic media in the presence of chlorides [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]. Regarding this medium, the literature reports cases of inhibitors acting by physisorption or chemisorption on the metal surface, depending on the nature of the metal’s surface charge, the aggressiveness of the medium, and the chemical structure of the inhibitors [23], [24], [25].
It is reported that isoxazolidines are good corrosion inhibitors in 1 M HCl at 60 °C [26], but the 2-butyl-hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-b][1,2]oxazole (BPOX) has not yet been considered as a corrosion inhibitor. In fact, it was already known from the 1990s, but it was mainly used in reaction mechanisms and structural studies, and in some syntheses of products of pharmaceutical interest [27], [28], [29].
This paper reports the results of an inhibition efficiency study carried out on MS specimens in aerated 0.5 M hydrochloric acid solutions in the presence of BPOX in the 30–60 °C temperature range, using electrochemical, WL and other spectroscopic methods.
The tests were carried out after 2 (electrochemical tests) and 48 h (electrochemical tests and WL tests) of immersion time also to study the BPOX inhibition efficiency in a longer period of time.
The BPOX adsorption behavior was also studied to determine the adsorption isotherm and thermodynamic data.
Section snippets
Specimens
Corrosion inhibition tests were performed using specimens prepared from a sheet of mild steel (MS) classified as J55, having the composition (wt%): C: 0.33; Si: 0.32; Mn: 0.9; P:<0.015; S: 0.02; Cr: 0.10; Ni: 0.12; Mo: 0.02; Cu: 0.2; Al: 0.01; Fe balance. The samples used in electrochemical tests (polished specimens) were abraded with emery paper (until 1200 grade) and then with diamond paste (until 1 μm) to reach a polished surface. Some potentiodynamic tests were also carried out with a
Potentiodynamic tests
Polarization curves obtained in 0.5 M HCl for MS (polished surface) in BPOX solutions in the 30–60 °C temperature range gave the electrochemical results reported in Table 1 [bC, the cathodic Tafel slope, Ecorr, the free corrosion potential, bA, the anodic Tafel slope, icorr, the corrosion current density, and ηp, the inhibition efficiency obtained by the Tafel curves].
In Fig. 4a, Fig. 4b some typical Tafel curves obtained for MS specimens (polished surface) in 0.5 M HCl, containing different
MS corrosion reaction in the inhibited HCl solution
The efficiency of an organic compound as an inhibitor (Org) is mainly dependent on its ability to get adsorbed on metal surface. This process generally consists in the replacement of water molecules at a corroding metal surface, following the equilibrium (5):
The adsorption of this organic compound is influenced by electronic structure, steric factor, electronic density at donor site, presence of functional groups, molecular area and molecular weight [47],
Conclusions
The use of 2-butyl-hexahydropyrrolo [1,2-b][1,2]oxazole (BPOX) as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel (MS) with a polished or a pre-corroded (for 2 h) surface was tested in 0.5 M aerated HCl in the 30–60 °C temperature range. Its inhibition effectiveness was assessed after short (2 h) and longer (48 h) immersion time tests, through potentiodynamic, EIS and WL measurements. The conclusions of this work can be summarized as follows:
- (1)
at low immersion times (2 h) the potentiodynamic tests indicated that
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Ministry of the University and of the Scientific Technological Research (MURST) of Italy through the Dept. of Macromolecular Sciences and Nanosystems under 2010 Grants.
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